When it comes to training and pruning a one-year-old apple tree, timing is crucial. Ideally, you should start the training process in the first year of planting. This allows you to shape the tree and develop a strong framework right from the start. By doing so, you can ensure that the tree grows in a balanced manner, with a central leader and well-positioned scaffold branches.
Starting early with training and pruning helps the tree establish a good structure, which will benefit its growth and productivity in the long run. It’s important to note that the first 3 to 4 years are crucial for shaping the tree’s form and establishing a strong foundation. During this time, the tree is still young and flexible, making it easier to manipulate and guide its growth.
When the tree is just one year old, it typically consists of a single stem with a few lateral branches. This is the perfect time to start training it into the desired shape. The main objective is to establish a central leader, which is the main trunk of the tree, and scaffold branches that will form the framework of the tree’s canopy.
To start the training process, you should identify the strongest and most upright shoot to serve as the central leader. This shoot should be the most vigorous and well-positioned, ideally in the center of the tree. You can support this shoot by using stakes or tying it to a support, ensuring that it grows straight and upright.
Next, you’ll want to select 3 to 5 lateral branches to become the scaffold branches. These branches should be evenly spaced around the central leader, forming a well-balanced structure. It’s important to choose branches that have wide angles of attachment to the trunk, as this promotes better strength and stability.
Once you have identified the central leader and scaffold branches, you can prune away any competing or weak shoots that may hinder the tree’s development. This will help direct the tree’s energy towards the desired branches and encourage their growth.
When pruning, it’s important to make clean cuts just above a bud or lateral branch. This encourages new growth and reduces the risk of disease or pests entering through jagged wounds. It’s also a good practice to remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches to maintain the overall health and shape of the tree.
Throughout the first few years, regular pruning and training will be necessary to maintain the desired shape and structure of the tree. This may involve removing any unwanted shoots, adjusting the position of scaffold branches, or thinning out overcrowded areas.
Starting the training and pruning process of a one-year-old apple tree is crucial to establish a strong framework and shape. By selecting a central leader and scaffold branches, and regularly pruning and training the tree, you can ensure its growth is well-balanced and productive in the years to come.
