Gothic architecture is known for its intricate and ornate designs, and one of the key elements that contribute to its unique style is the use of arches. There are several different types of arches used in Gothic architecture, each with its own distinct characteristics and purpose. In this answer, I will discuss four types of arches commonly found in Gothic architecture: the semicircular arch, the stilted arch, the segmental arch, and the horse-shoe arch.
1. Semicircular Arch:
The semicircular arch is perhaps the most well-known and classic type of arch used in architecture. As the name suggests, this arch has a rounded shape resembling half of a circle. In Gothic architecture, the semicircular arch was often used in a more simplified form, without excessive ornamentation. It was commonly seen in the construction of windows and doorways. The semicircular arch provides a strong and stable structure, allowing for a greater distribution of weight above the arch.
2. Stilted Arch:
The stilted arch, also known as the pointed arch or lancet arch, is a distinctive feature of Gothic architecture. Unlike the semicircular arch, the stilted arch has a pointed top, giving it a more elongated and elegant appearance. This arch was widely used in the construction of Gothic cathedrals and churches, where it provided a sense of height and verticality. The stilted arch also allowed for the creation of larger and more spacious interiors, as it could support a higher vaulting system.
3. Segmental Arch:
The segmental arch, as the name suggests, is a curved arch that forms a segment of a circle. This type of arch is often used in Gothic architecture to create a more decorative and intricate effect. It can be seen in the construction of arcades, ribbed vaults, and other architectural elements. The segmental arch adds a sense of elegance and fluidity to the overall design, enhancing the visual appeal of the building.
4. Horse-shoe Arch:
The horse-shoe arch is a distinctive type of arch that is characterized by its rounded shape with two outward-curving sides, resembling the shape of a horse’s hoof. This arch was commonly used in Islamic architecture and was later adopted and adapted in Gothic architecture. The horse-shoe arch was often used in the construction of doorways and windows, adding a unique and exotic touch to the overall design. Its graceful curves and asymmetrical shape create a sense of movement and dynamism.
The four types of arches commonly used in Gothic architecture are the semicircular arch, the stilted arch, the segmental arch, and the horse-shoe arch. Each type of arch has its own distinct characteristics and purpose, contributing to the overall beauty and grandeur of Gothic buildings.
