Growing heirloom wheat is a relatively simple process that requires minimal effort once the seeds are planted. To start, it is important to aim for a planting density of 1 to 2 seeds every inch in rows that are spaced about 6 inches apart. This will ensure that the wheat plants have enough space to grow and develop properly.
When preparing the soil for planting, it is a good idea to remove any weeds or debris to create a clean planting bed. This will give the heirloom wheat a better chance to establish itself without competition from other plants. If the soil is compacted, loosening it with a garden fork or tiller can help promote better root growth.
Once the soil is prepared, it’s time to sow the heirloom wheat seeds. Gently scatter the seeds over the prepared bed, aiming for the desired planting density. You can use your hand or a broadcast seeder for this task. Afterward, lightly rake the soil to cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, about 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep.
Watering is typically not necessary for heirloom wheat, as it is a resilient plant that can withstand drought conditions. However, if you are experiencing an extended period of dry weather, it may be beneficial to provide some water to help the seeds germinate and the young plants establish themselves. Just be careful not to overwater, as excessive moisture can lead to disease or root rot.
As the heirloom wheat plants grow, they will naturally out-compete most weeds due to their dense growth habit. This means that weed control is often not a major concern when growing heirloom wheat. However, if you notice any particularly persistent or invasive weeds, it is best to manually remove them to prevent them from taking over the planting bed.
Harvesting heirloom wheat is typically done when the seed heads have matured and the plant starts to change color. This usually occurs around late summer or early fall, depending on the specific variety and growing conditions. To harvest the wheat, you can use a scythe or sickle to cut the stalks. Bundle the stalks together and hang them upside down in a well-ventilated area to dry.
Once the wheat is fully dried, you can thresh it to separate the grain from the straw. Threshing can be done by hand, using a flail, or with the help of a threshing machine. After threshing, winnowing is necessary to remove the chaff and debris from the grain. This can be done by tossing the grain and chaff into the air and allowing the wind to blow away the lighter chaff, leaving behind the heavier grains.
After harvesting and processing the wheat, you can store it in a cool, dry place in airtight containers to protect it from moisture and pests. This will help ensure the longevity and quality of your heirloom wheat for future use.
Growing heirloom wheat is a rewarding and relatively low-maintenance process. By following the recommended planting density, providing minimal watering, and allowing the wheat plants to naturally out-compete most weeds, you can enjoy a successful harvest of nutritious and flavorful heirloom wheat.
