Artichokes can come back every year, but it depends on the climate and growing conditions in your area. In Zones 7-11, which have milder winters, artichokes can be grown as perennials. This means that they have the potential to live for more than two years and produce multiple harvests.
In these zones, artichokes are often treated as perennial crops and can be left in the ground year-round. However, they may still benefit from some winter protection, such as mulching around the base of the plants to insulate the roots from freezing temperatures.
On the other hand, in colder regions like Zones 3-6, where winters are more severe, artichokes are typically grown as annuals. This means that they complete their life cycles in a single growing season, and new plants need to be started from seeds or transplants each year.
To grow artichokes as annuals, it’s important to start the seeds indoors about 8-12 weeks before the last frost date in your area. This allows the plants to grow and develop a strong root system before being transplanted outside. Once the danger of frost has passed, the young artichoke plants can be planted in the garden.
In both cases, whether growing artichokes as perennials or annuals, they require specific growing conditions to thrive. Here are some key factors to consider:
1. Sunlight: Artichokes need full sun to grow and produce well. They should be planted in a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
2. Soil: Artichokes prefer well-draining soil with a pH level between 6.5 and 7.5. Amending the soil with organic matter, such as compost or aged manure, can improve its fertility and drainage.
3. Watering: While artichokes are relatively drought-tolerant once established, they still require consistent watering, especially during hot and dry periods. Adequate moisture helps promote healthy growth and prevents the plants from becoming stressed.
4. Fertilizing: Artichokes are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization. Applying a balanced organic fertilizer or compost in the spring and mid-summer can provide the necessary nutrients for robust growth and abundant yields.
5. Winter protection: In colder regions, where artichokes are grown as annuals, it’s important to harvest the mature artichoke heads before the first frost. After harvesting, the plants can be cut back to the ground, and any remaining foliage should be removed. Adding a layer of mulch around the base of the plants can help protect the roots during the winter months.
While artichokes can be challenging to grow, they are rewarding plants that can provide you with delicious and nutritious harvests. It’s always a good idea to check with local gardening resources or experienced gardeners in your area to get specific advice tailored to your region’s climate and conditions.
In my own gardening experience, I have successfully grown artichokes as perennials in Zone 9. The plants were established in a sunny spot with well-draining soil and received regular watering. With proper care, they produced multiple harvests over several years, providing a delightful addition to our dinner table.
