Mirabilis jalapa, commonly known as four o’clocks, is a fascinating plant that earned its name due to its unique flowering behavior. This old-fashioned garden ornamental belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family, also known as the four-o’clock family. One of the most striking characteristics of this plant is that its flowers only open late in the day, typically around four o’clock in the afternoon. This delayed blooming time is what inspired the common name “four o’clocks.”
The reason behind Mirabilis jalapa’s late blooming is still a subject of scientific investigation. However, it is believed that the plant’s evolutionary adaptation to attract specific pollinators plays a significant role. By opening its flowers in the late afternoon, four o’clocks have a higher chance of attracting evening pollinators such as moths and nocturnal insects. These insects are often attracted to the strong fragrance emitted by the flowers, which is most potent during the evening hours.
Mirabilis jalapa is a tender perennial, meaning it can survive year-round in warmer climates (Zones 7-10). However, in regions with colder winters, it is generally grown as an annual. This plant is well-loved for its colorful and showy flowers, which come in a wide range of hues, including white, pink, red, yellow, and even multicolored varieties. The flowers are trumpet-shaped and have five petals, creating an attractive display when they finally open in the late afternoon.
Growing four o’clocks can be an enjoyable experience for gardeners of all skill levels. These plants prefer full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil. They are relatively low-maintenance and can tolerate a variety of soil conditions, making them versatile additions to garden beds or container plantings.
One interesting aspect of Mirabilis jalapa is its ability to self-sow. Once the flowers have bloomed and produced seeds, they can drop to the ground and germinate in the following year. This natural self-propagation can lead to new plants sprouting in unexpected locations, adding a touch of whimsy to the garden.
In my own gardening experience, I have found four o’clocks to be a delightful addition to my flower beds. The anticipation of the flowers opening in the late afternoon always brings a sense of excitement and wonder. Observing the various pollinators, such as moths and bees, visiting the flowers during the evening hours is a captivating sight.
Mirabilis jalapa, or four o’clocks, is a charming and unique plant with its late-opening flowers. Its name perfectly captures this fascinating characteristic. Whether you choose to grow it as a tender perennial or an annual, this old-fashioned garden ornamental is sure to bring beauty and intrigue to any garden setting.
