When it comes to choosing lumber for your projects, stability is an important factor to consider. The stability of lumber refers to how much it expands and contracts with changes in temperature and humidity. Some types of lumber are more stable than others, making them better suited for certain applications.
Among the various types of lumber available, antique heart pine and American cherry are known to be the most stable. These woods have a tight grain structure and are less prone to movement caused by changes in moisture content. I have personally worked with antique heart pine on several projects, and its stability has always impressed me. Even in environments with fluctuating humidity levels, this wood has remained remarkably steady, with minimal warping or shrinking.
Oak, walnut, and ash are considered to be average in terms of stability. While they may exhibit some movement with changes in moisture, it is generally manageable and predictable. I have used oak extensively in outdoor furniture, and while it does experience some expansion and contraction, it has held up well over time. Walnut, on the other hand, is a stable choice for indoor furniture, as long as it is properly acclimated to its environment.
Hickory and beech, however, are known to be the most unstable of domestic hardwood species. These woods have a higher tendency to expand and contract significantly with changes in moisture content. I recall a project where I used hickory for a tabletop, and despite my efforts to seal and stabilize the wood, it still experienced noticeable movement during the wet season.
It is worth mentioning that stability can also be influenced by factors such as the cut of the lumber (quarter-sawn or flat-sawn) and the specific drying and milling processes used. Quarter-sawn lumber, for example, is generally more stable than flat-sawn lumber due to its grain orientation.
If stability is a crucial factor for your project, antique heart pine and American cherry are your best choices. They offer excellent resistance to seasonal movement and are reliable options for various applications. Oak, walnut, and ash are also stable choices, while hickory and beech should be used with caution due to their higher tendency for movement. Always consider the specific characteristics of the wood, as well as the environmental conditions in which it will be used, to ensure the best results for your project.
