When it comes to the most common tree species in Illinois, there are several contenders that dominate the landscape. As a gardening and landscaping expert with a deep appreciation for trees, I have encountered these species countless times and can attest to their prevalence in the state. Let’s dive into the specifics of each one.
1. European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): This invasive species has unfortunately become quite common in Illinois. Its ability to grow in a variety of habitats, coupled with its aggressive nature, has allowed it to outcompete native plants. European buckthorn is easily recognizable by its glossy green leaves, thorny branches, and small black berries. Efforts to control and manage this tree are ongoing, as it poses a threat to the diversity of Illinois’ ecosystems.
2. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica): Green ash is a native tree species that can be found throughout Illinois. Its adaptability to various soil conditions and its tolerance to urban environments have made it a popular choice for landscaping and street planting. This deciduous tree features compound leaves with serrated edges and produces clusters of winged seeds. Sadly, the emerald ash borer, an invasive insect, has devastated green ash populations in recent years. Many efforts are now focused on preventing and managing this destructive pest.
3. Boxelder (Acer negundo): Boxelder, also known as Manitoba maple, is another common tree species in Illinois. It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree that thrives in moist areas such as riverbanks and floodplains. Boxelder trees have compound leaves with three to seven leaflets and produce winged seeds that resemble helicopters. While not particularly valued for its timber, this tree provides habitat and food for various wildlife species.
4. Black cherry (Prunus serotina): Black cherry is a native tree that can be found in abundance across Illinois. It is often recognized by its dark gray bark, serrated leaves, and clusters of white flowers that give way to small, dark fruit. Black cherry is highly valued for its timber, which is used in furniture making and other woodworking applications. Additionally, the fruit of this tree is a favorite among birds and mammals, contributing to its ecological significance.
5. American elm (Ulmus americana): Historically, the American elm was once a dominant tree species in Illinois, gracing many streets and parks with its iconic arching branches. However, the arrival of Dutch elm disease in the mid-20th century caused a devastating decline in their population. Despite this setback, American elms can still be found in certain areas, and efforts are being made to breed disease-resistant varieties. Their distinctive, saw-toothed leaves and vase-like shape make them easily recognizable.
The most common tree species in Illinois include European buckthorn, green ash, boxelder, black cherry, and American elm. Each of these trees plays a unique role in the state’s ecosystems and landscapes, although some are facing challenges such as invasive pests or diseases. As a gardening and landscaping expert, I encourage the planting of native species and the careful management of invasive ones to maintain the health and diversity of Illinois’ tree population.
