Smooth sumac and Tree of Heaven are two distinct tree species that can be easily differentiated based on their physical characteristics. As a gardening and landscaping expert, I would like to provide you with a detailed explanation of the differences between these two trees.
1. Leaf Characteristics:
One of the key features to distinguish between smooth sumac and Tree of Heaven is their leaf structure. Sumac leaflets have serrated or toothed edges, which give them a jagged appearance. On the other hand, Tree of Heaven leaflets have smooth edges, lacking any serrations or teeth. This distinction in leaf morphology can be quite helpful in identifying these trees, especially when observing their foliage up close.
2. Leaf Arrangement:
Another aspect to consider is the arrangement of the leaves on the tree. Smooth sumac has an alternate leaf arrangement, meaning that the leaves are attached to the stems one at a time, alternating sides as you move up the branch. This creates an alternating pattern along the stem. In contrast, Tree of Heaven has a compound leaf arrangement, where multiple leaflets are attached to a single leaf stalk. These compound leaves are arranged in an opposite pattern, with leaflets positioned directly across from each other on the stem.
3. Height and Growth Habit:
Smooth sumac and Tree of Heaven also differ in terms of their height and growth habit. Smooth sumac is typically a smaller tree, reaching heights of around 10 to 20 feet. It has a spreading, bushy growth habit, often forming dense thickets. In contrast, Tree of Heaven can grow much taller, sometimes reaching heights of 40 to 60 feet or more. It has a more upright and columnar growth habit, with a single trunk and spreading branches.
4. Fruit Characteristics:
When it comes to fruiting, smooth sumac and Tree of Heaven display distinct differences. Smooth sumac produces clusters of fuzzy, reddish fruits that resemble cones. These fruit clusters often persist on the tree throughout the summer and fall, providing a vibrant splash of color. On the other hand, Tree of Heaven produces samara fruits, which are winged seeds that are dispersed by the wind. These samaras are typically tan or brown in color and can be seen hanging in clusters from the tree during the late summer and early fall.
5. Aromatic Odor:
One interesting characteristic of Tree of Heaven is its distinctive odor. When the leaves or bark of this tree are crushed or bruised, they emit a pungent smell often described as resembling the scent of burnt peanuts or rotten fruit. This odor can be quite strong and overpowering, making it a useful tool in identifying Tree of Heaven, especially in instances where its physical characteristics may not be immediately apparent.
Smooth sumac and Tree of Heaven can be differentiated based on their leaf characteristics, leaf arrangement, height and growth habit, fruit characteristics, and aromatic odor. By paying attention to these features, one can easily distinguish between these two tree species and make informed decisions in gardening and landscaping practices.
