When it comes to native evergreen shrubs in Iowa, there is a relatively small selection to choose from. In fact, there are only five evergreens that are native to the state. These plants have adapted to the Iowa climate over time and can be a great addition to any garden or landscape design.
1. Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus): The Eastern White Pine is a majestic evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 80 feet or more. Its soft, blue-green needles create a beautiful contrast against the winter landscape. This tree is known for its straight trunk and pyramidal shape, making it a popular choice for windbreaks or as a focal point in a larger landscape.
2. Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana): Redcedar, also known as Eastern Red Cedar or Aromatic Cedar, is a versatile evergreen shrub that is native to Iowa. It can grow in a variety of soil types and is often used as a natural fence or windbreak. Redcedar has attractive, scale-like foliage that varies in color from green to bluish-gray. It also produces small, bluish-black berries that provide food for wildlife.
3. Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea): Balsam Fir is a smaller evergreen tree that is native to Iowa. It has dense, dark green needles that are soft to the touch. Balsam Fir is often used as a Christmas tree due to its pleasant fragrance and symmetrical shape. It can also be grown in a landscape setting, providing year-round beauty and a habitat for birds.
4. Common Juniper (Juniperus communis): Common Juniper is a low-growing evergreen shrub that is native to Iowa. It has scale-like foliage that is typically green, but can sometimes have a bluish tint. Common Juniper is known for its ability to tolerate various soil conditions and its resistance to pests and diseases. It is often used as a ground cover or in rock gardens due to its spreading habit.
5. Yew (Taxus spp.): Yew is a versatile evergreen shrub that is native to Iowa. It has dark green, needle-like foliage and produces small, fleshy red berries. Yew is often used in landscape design for its ability to be pruned into various shapes and forms. It can be grown as a hedge, specimen plant, or even in containers. However, it is important to note that certain parts of the yew plant are toxic if ingested, so caution should be exercised when planting it in areas frequented by children or pets.
These five native evergreen shrubs offer a range of options for gardeners and landscapers in Iowa. Whether you are looking for a tall, stately tree like the Eastern White Pine, or a low-growing ground cover like the Common Juniper, there is an evergreen option to suit your needs. By incorporating these native plants into your landscape, you can create a beautiful and sustainable environment that supports local wildlife and thrives in the Iowa climate.
