Jicama, also known as Mexican yam bean or Mexican turnip, can be a challenging plant to grow for some gardeners, but with the right conditions and care, it can be a rewarding and successful endeavor. While jicama is typically grown outdoors in full sun, it is possible to cultivate it in greenhouses or indoors with proper lighting.
When it comes to growing jicama, one of the most critical factors to consider is the climate. Jicama thrives in warm and tropical regions, where the growing season is at least 8 months long. It requires a frost-free period and temperatures between 75-90°F (24-32°C) for optimal growth. If you live in a region with a shorter growing season or cooler temperatures, it may be more challenging to grow jicama successfully.
If you have a suitable climate, you can start growing jicama from seeds or transplants. Starting from seeds allows you to have a wider variety selection, but it requires a longer time to reach maturity. On the other hand, using transplants can expedite the process, especially if you have a shorter growing season.
Here are some key steps to follow when growing jicama:
1. Soil Preparation: Jicama prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. Before planting, amend the soil with organic matter such as compost or aged manure to improve its fertility and drainage. It’s also beneficial to loosen the soil to a depth of at least 12 inches (30 cm) to allow the tubers to grow freely.
2. Planting: If you’re starting from seeds, sow them directly into the ground or containers after the last frost date in your area. Plant the seeds about 1 inch (2.5 cm) deep, spacing them 6-12 inches (15-30 cm) apart. If you’re using transplants, set them into the soil at the same depth as they were in their containers, again ensuring proper spacing.
3. Watering: Jicama requires consistent moisture, especially during its early growth stages. Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Irrigate deeply, ensuring the water reaches the root zone. Avoid overhead watering, as it can increase the risk of diseases. Mulching can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
4. Fertilization: Jicama is a heavy feeder, so it benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 14-14-14 blend, according to the package instructions. Side-dress the plants with fertilizer about a month after planting and again during the growing season to provide a continuous supply of nutrients.
5. Support: As jicama plants grow, they develop long vines that require support. You can provide trellises or stakes for the vines to climb, preventing them from sprawling on the ground and reducing the risk of rot or pest damage.
6. Pest and Disease Management: Keep an eye out for common pests such as aphids, snails, slugs, and spider mites. Regularly inspect the plants for any signs of damage or infestation, and take appropriate measures such as handpicking pests or using organic insecticides if necessary. Jicama is relatively resistant to diseases, but proper spacing, good airflow, and avoiding overwatering can help prevent fungal infections.
7. Harvesting: Jicama tubers are ready for harvest when they reach a desirable size, usually around 4-6 months after planting. The tubers should be firm and have a smooth skin. Carefully dig them out of the soil, taking care not to damage them. After harvesting, allow the tubers to cure in a warm and dry place for about a week to enhance their flavor and texture.
Growing jicama can be a rewarding experience, but it requires patience, attention to detail, and suitable growing conditions. While it is easier to grow jicama in regions with a long growing season and warm temperatures, with proper care and adjustments, it is possible to cultivate jicama in greenhouses or indoor settings. Experimenting with different techniques and finding what works best for your specific situation can lead to a successful jicama harvest.
