Matthiola incana, commonly known as Stock flower, is typically grown as an annual, although it can sometimes behave as a short-lived perennial in certain climates. In colder regions or areas with harsh winters, Stock is usually treated as an annual, as it is not cold-hardy and will not survive freezing temperatures. However, in milder climates or areas with more temperate winters, it is possible for Stock to survive and even return for a few years.
Personal Experience: I have grown Matthiola incana in my garden for several years now, and I live in a zone where the winters are relatively mild. While most of my Stock plants do not survive the winter, I have had a few plants that have managed to come back for a second or even third year. These perennial plants tend to be the hardiest and healthiest individuals in my garden, and they often produce more flowers than the new plants I start from seed each year.
If you live in an area with mild winters and want to try growing Stock as a perennial, there are a few things you can do to increase its chances of survival. First, make sure to choose a well-drained location for your plants, as Stock does not like wet feet and can be prone to rotting in overly moist soil. Additionally, providing a layer of mulch around the base of the plants can help insulate the roots and protect them from cold temperatures.
However, even in areas where Stock can potentially behave as a perennial, it is still a good idea to treat it as an annual and plan on replanting new seedlings each year. This ensures a continuous supply of fresh plants and flowers, as older plants tend to become leggy and less productive over time. Starting new seeds indoors and transplanting the young seedlings outdoors after the threat of frost has passed is the most reliable way to ensure a successful Stock garden.
In terms of care, Matthiola incana prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It is important to provide the plants with consistent moisture, as they do not tolerate drought well. Watering deeply and regularly, especially during dry spells, will help keep the plants healthy and productive.
Fertilizing Stock plants is also important for optimal growth and blooming. I recommend using a general purpose liquid fertilizer, applying it monthly according to the instructions on the packaging. This will provide the plants with the necessary nutrients to produce abundant flowers and maintain their overall health.
To promote continuous blooming, it is essential to trim the Stock flower spikes when they are finished blooming. This not only keeps the plants looking tidy but also encourages the production of new flower spikes. Simply cut the spent blooms down to the nearest set of healthy leaves or lateral bud, and new growth should emerge from there.
Matthiola incana, or Stock flower, is a beautiful and versatile plant that can be grown as an annual or, in some cases, as a short-lived perennial. By providing the right conditions, such as light and continuous moisture, and taking proper care of the plants through fertilization and pruning, you can enjoy a lovely display of Stock flowers in your garden.
