Identifying Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) can be an interesting and rewarding task for any gardening and landscaping enthusiast. This tree shares many similarities with the American Elm, but there are a few key characteristics that set it apart.
1. Branching Habit: One of the distinguishing features of Slippery Elm is its branching habit. Unlike American Elm, Slippery Elm tends to branch higher on the trunk, with fewer main branches. This creates a more upright and columnar shape compared to the spreading and arching branches of American Elm.
2. Leaf Texture: Another way to identify Slippery Elm is by examining the texture of its leaves. The leaves of Slippery Elm are slightly larger than those of American Elm and have a distinct sandpapery texture on both sides. This rough texture can be felt when running your fingers over the leaf surface.
3. Leaf Size and Shape: In addition to the texture, it’s important to note the size and shape of the leaves. Slippery Elm leaves are typically around 4 to 7 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide. They have an oval to elliptical shape with an acuminate tip and an asymmetrical base.
4. Leaf Color: While both Slippery Elm and American Elm have green leaves during the growing season, Slippery Elm leaves tend to have a slightly darker shade of green. This can sometimes appear more glossy compared to the leaves of American Elm.
5. Bark: Observing the bark of the tree can also provide clues for identification. Slippery Elm has a rough and scaly bark texture, with shallow furrows and ridges. The color of the bark can vary, but it often has shades of gray or brown.
6. Heartwood Color: Another distinguishing feature of Slippery Elm is the color of its interior heartwood. When you cut into a branch or trunk of a Slippery Elm, you will notice a reddish-brown color. This reddish hue is unique to Slippery Elm and can help differentiate it from other elm species.
7. Overall Appearance: taking a step back and looking at the overall appearance of the tree can be helpful in identifying Slippery Elm. Its branching habit, leaf texture, size, and shape, as well as the color of its bark and heartwood, all contribute to its distinct appearance and can help you differentiate it from other trees, including the American Elm.
Identifying Slippery Elm involves paying attention to its branching habit, leaf texture, size, shape, color, bark, and heartwood. By combining these characteristics and observing the overall appearance of the tree, you can confidently identify Slippery Elm in your garden or landscape.
