Cannas can be grown from seeds, although it is more common to propagate them from rhizomes. Growing cannas from seeds can be a rewarding and exciting process, as you get to witness the entire lifecycle of the plant, from seed to flowering. While it may require a bit more patience and care compared to propagating from rhizomes, the process can be quite successful if done correctly.
To start growing cannas from seeds, it is best to sow them indoors in mid- to late February. This timing allows for a longer growing season before transplanting them outdoors. You can use a commercial germination medium, such as Jiffy Mix, or a well-draining potting mix. Fill a seed tray or small pots with the chosen medium, leaving about half an inch of space at the top.
Before sowing the seeds, it is beneficial to soak them in water for 12 to 24 hours. This process helps soften the seed coats and enhances germination rates. After this soaking period, carefully place the seeds on top of the moistened germination medium, spacing them about an inch apart. Gently press the seeds into the medium, ensuring good seed-to-soil contact.
Next, cover the seeds with a thin layer of the germination medium, approximately 1/4 inch deep. Mist the surface with water to provide moisture, as excessive watering can lead to rotting. Maintain a consistently moist environment by covering the tray or pots with a plastic dome or clear plastic wrap. Place the tray or pots in a warm location, preferably around 70-75°F (21-24°C).
Germination typically takes about two to three weeks, although it can vary. Once the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic cover to prevent excessive moisture and promote air circulation. Place the tray or pots in a brightly lit area, preferably near a sunny window or under grow lights. Adequate light is crucial for the seedlings’ growth and development.
As the seedlings grow, it is important to provide them with proper care. Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot. Fertilize the seedlings with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks, following the package instructions.
When the weather has warmed up and there is no risk of frost, typically around late spring or early summer, the cannas can be transplanted outdoors. Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil. Prepare the planting area by loosening the soil and incorporating organic matter, such as compost, to improve fertility and drainage.
Carefully remove the seedlings from the tray or pots, taking care not to damage the delicate roots. Dig a hole in the prepared soil that is slightly larger than the root ball of the seedling. Place the seedling in the hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Backfill the hole with soil, gently firming it around the plant.
Once planted, water the cannas thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots and provide moisture. Maintain regular watering throughout the growing season, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Applying a layer of mulch around the plants can help retain moisture and suppress weed growth.
As the cannas grow, they will require regular maintenance, including regular watering, fertilizing, and occasional pruning to remove faded flowers or damaged foliage. With proper care, cannas grown from seeds can develop into beautiful plants that reward you with vibrant flowers and lush green foliage.
While cannas are commonly propagated from rhizomes, it is indeed possible to grow them from seeds. By following the steps outlined above and providing the necessary care, you can successfully grow cannas from seeds and enjoy the entire process of nurturing them from the very beginning.
